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Description: | PRN 60533
Welbourn is first mentioned in Domesday in 1086, the name comes from the Old English of wella and burna, which means 'the stream running from a spring'. {1}
Welbourn had a manor, which was held by Robert Malet, a mill and a church with a priest. {2} Fifty families are recorded as living in Welbourn during the late seventeenth / early eighteenth century. {3} By 1801 the population has grown to 360. This growth continued steadily until it peaked in 1871 at 677, the population then began to decline, a decade later in 1881 it is recorded as 550. By 1901 the population stood at 504. {5}
The nucleus of the village was known as 'le Southalle' in the fourteenth century. It is likely that 'le Southalle' can be identified with the present manor house in the south of the village. There was a second manor known as 'le Northalle'. The manors appear to have been independent throughout the fourteenth century. However by 1334 both manors were held by Isobel de Vescy. It is after this date that 'le Northalle' was probably abandoned, because by 1374 the site was said to be entirely without buildings. Although other evidence may suggest that more general depopulation may have occurred. {4}
A great storm is recorded in Welbourn on the 13th of October 1666. It is documented that on this day it hailed stones as big as pigeon's eggs, and that 44 dwellings were destroyed. {6}{7}{8}
The National Mapping Programme has recorded medieval earthworks of tofts, enclosures, ridge and furrow and a boundary ditch from aerial photographs. A medieval bank and ditch earthworks has also been recorded in the village. {10}{11}{12}{13}{14}{15}
During a watching brief at 33 High Street (SK 9660 5415), pits and trenches were recorded. Some of these features contained mortar and limestone fragments, which are probably, the remains of robbed out walls. A single sherd of Saxo-Norman pottery was recovered from one of the pits together with a single unstratified sherd. A pond feature was also identified. {16}{17}
A small quantity of medieval pottery was recovered during a watching brief at SK9675 5427; these sherds are thought to be associated with the deliberate raising of the ground in this area. {18}{19}{20}
During the 1960s medieval pottery was ploughed up at SK 9669 5448. {10}{12}{13}{14}
Geophysical survey and trial trenching centred on SK9658 5434 revealed a small 13th century enclosure, with a possible entrance towards the east. The enclosure measured 24m-north south, and 20m-east west. To the north of this a substantial ditch, aligned north/south was thought to have been dug in the 13th century, with a 15th century recut. A stone drain was found in the base of the cut, and in the later recut. The ditch may have been re-established in the 18th century. North-west/south-east aligned ridge and furrow was also recorded. {21}{22}{23}
During a watching brief centred on SK963 525, ridge and furrow was recorded as a sub surface deposit. Three sherds of medieval pottery were found during subsequent excavation at the same location. {24}
Trial trenching centred on SK9658 5434 recovered a sherd of 9th-11th century pottery and a sherd of 10th-13th century pottery. {25}{26}
During trial trenching on Castle Hill, SK 9680 5436, demolition rubble and a large quantity of 18th to 20th century artefacts were recovered. These are thought to relate to agricultural activity, while the abundance of 20th century artefacts probably relate to tipping activity. (Previously PRN 61379){27}{28} For Castle Hill see PRN 60741
During a watching brief at SK96705434, a scatter of 18th-19th century pottery, a Staffordshire chimney pot, a clay pipe stem, and a glass bottle were recovered. A small piece of dressed masonry was also recovered. Although it was not possible to tightly date the piece, it is though to either be from the medieval or early post medieval period. {29}{30} (Taken from now deleted records PRN 61580 and 61579)
Traces of ridge and furrow were noted in a field to the south of Hall Orchard Lane (SK 96579 45369) during a watching brief. {33}{34}
During trial trenching on land off Beck Road (SK 9678 5418) part of a possible medieval field system was identified. The remains include a possible boundary ditch and furrows. Later ditches and the remains of a post medieval farm building visible on 19th century maps were also encountered. {35}{36}
A watching brief undertaken at 60533A in August and Septmber 2009 during groundworks for an extension of Welbourn Village Hall revealed two demolition layers containing stone and 9th to 10th, 10th to 12th and 13th century pottery. This indicates that a stone structure had been demolished during the medieval period. The area was later abandoned and was probably used as pasture or arable land. Undated pits and possible ponds were also found. {37}{38} | Subjects: | General Archaeology | Temporal: | 1000 - 1299 | Source: | Lincolnshire County Council | Identifier: | http://www.lincstothepast.com/Records/Re... | Go to resource |
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